Introduction to Microwaves
Microwave Communication in Microwave Engineering refers to the electromagnetic radiation in the frequency range of 1GHz to 300 GHz. The corresponding wavelengths are in the centimetric and millimetric ranges. Microwaves occupy a region in the electromagnetic spectrum that is founded by radio waves on the side of longer wavelengths and the infra-red (IR) waves on the side of shorter wavelengths.
Microwave is the region in electromagnetic spectrum in the range between 1 to 300 GHz. The wavelength of microwave range between 30 - 3 cm. Microwave engineering is an important consideration in the development of high resolution radar communication channel etc.
Advantages of Microwaves:
1. High Operating frequency. That is they can carry large amount of information.
2. Short wavelength. Hence Short antennas are used.
3. Easily pass through ionosphere.
4. It can be used for space and satellite communication.
5. Few repeaters are needed.
6. Highly reliable
7. Increased Bandwidth
8. Minimum Cross talk
9. High Directivity for a given antenna size
10. Lower power requirements
11. Better transmission (low attenuation)
12. Effect of Fading
Disadvantages of Microwave
1. Difficult to analyse and design
2. Difficult to implement circuit components
3. Transmission time is high
Applications of Microwave
1. Telecommunication
2. Radar
3. Radiobroadcasting
4. Microwave Ovens
5. Astronomy
6. Remote Radiometry
7. Military Application etc.
8. Heating
9. Medical Science
10. Remote Sensing