Power Electronics Lab Viva Questions

Power Electronics Lab Viva Questions and Answers

1. What you understand about the Safe Operating Area (SOA) of a power device?

The boundaries of voltage and current in which the power device can be operated without destructive failures can be determined by the SOA. The SOA of a bipolar power transistor is given below:

2. What are cycloconverters? List the different types of cycloconverters?

The main use of a cycloconverter is to convert a constant frequency, constant voltage AC signal to another frequency AC waveform. By synthesizing the output waveforms from the AC supply segments, this can be achieved.

There are mainly two types of cycloconverters

(a) Step down cycloconverter

By using forced communication, a step down cycloconverter gives the output with frequency lower than the input frequency.

(b) Step up cycloconverter

By using line communication, a step up cycloconverter gives an output with frequency greater than the input frequency.

3. What you know about the operational amplifiers (Op Amps)?

Basically op-amp is a integrated circuit (IC), which can be used to work as a voltage amplifier. An op-amp has two inputs with different polarity hence it is fed with a differential input. So op-amp has two different polarity inputs and single output. An op-amp circuit gets high gain i.e., the output signal is very high as compared to input signal. There are mainly two types of op-amps.

(a) Inverting op-amps:

A inverting amplifier possesses negative feedback. The input is given to the inverting terminal (-ve terminal) of the op-amp and the non-inverting terminal is grounded. R₁ is the input resistance and R₂ is the feedback resistance.

(b) Non-inverting amplifier

The non-inverting amplifier gives amplified output signal and the output is in phase with the input signal.

4. Write the equations for gains of inverting and non inverting amplifiers?

Gain of non inverting op-amp is

Gain of inverting amplifier is

5. What you understand about forced communication?

By the effect of external circuitry, the current flowing through the thyristor is forced to become zero. This process is termed as forced communication.

 

6. List down the different types of voltage controlled (voltage driven) devices?

The different types of voltage controlled devices are:

IGBT, MCT, IGCT ,SIT etc.

 

7. In AC mode, what does the voltmeter shows?

In AC mode, the multimeter shows  the Root Mean Square (RMS) value of voltage or current. In DC mode, the multimeter shows only the RMS value.

 

8. What you understand about the  holding current of a SCR?

The minimum mandatory current for holding the SCR in forward conduction state is known as the holding current. The SCR switches from the state of forward conduction to forward blocking state, if the forward current is less than the holding current.

9. What you understand about universal motors?

Universal motors can be used for working with single phase AC source as well as DC source. It is often known as single phase series motor and is a commutation type motor. The motor runs in the same direction, when we reverse the polarity of the line terminals of a DC series motor. We cannot run a DC series motor as a universal motor, even though both are built in similar manner. Universal motors are widely used for speed control and high speed application purposes.  They can be used in wash machines, power drills, kitchen applications and blowers.

 

10. What you know about the hard switching of a thyristor?

The SCR can be said to be hard fired, if the gate current is very-very higher than the required gate current. This will enhances the di/dt capability and reduces the turn ON time.

 

11. MOSFET or IGBT is used for high voltage applications?

IGBT is mostly preferred for high voltage applications. For breakdown voltage up to 1000 V, IGBT is commonly used.

Fig : IGBT

MOSFET are commonly used for breakdown voltage less than 250V. 

 

12. What is the process of commutation?

The direction of current flow is changed in a particular path of the circuit for turn off the SCR. This process is called commutation.

 

13. Discuss about the control strategies of chopper?

The different control strategies of chopper are:

Frequency Modulation (constant T_ON or T_OFF , variable frequency)

Current Limit Control (CLC)

Pulse Width Modulation PWM (Variable T_ON, constant frequency)

 

14. What you understand about the latching current of SCR?

The minimum current required to turn on (latch) the SCR from forward blocking state to forward conduction state is termed as the latching current.

15. For isolating the power circuits, power semiconductor from the low-power circuits which components are used?

Transformers and Opto-Couplers

 

16. What you know about natural commutation?

The process of enabling the thyristor to turn off and the current flowing through the thyristor goes through a natural zero is called natural commutation. Natural commutation occurs in AC circuits.

17. For DC applications, is it possible for using fuses with an AC voltage rating?

Fuses can be rated for using voltage AC or DC.  Normally the DC voltage rating of fuses is half of the maximum AC voltage rating.

 

18. For Turn ON the SCR, what methods you know?

For turn on the SCR, different voltage triggering methods are used. They are:

 (a) Light Triggering

 (b) Gate Triggering

 (c) dv/dt Triggering

 (d) Temperature Triggering

 

19. List the different types of current driven (current controlled) devices?

The different types of current controlled devices are:

SCR

GTO

GTR

 

20. Discuss about the characteristics of an ideal op amp?

The different characteristics of an ideal op amp are:

(a) Infinite input impedance R_in, and so zero input current

(b) Infinite open-loop gain G = V_out / V_in

(c) Infinite bandwidth with zero phase shift and infinite slew rate

(d) Zero output impedance Rout

(e) Zero input offset voltage

(f) Infinite power supply rejection ratio.

(g) Zero noise

(h) Infinite common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR)

(i) Infinite output voltage range.

 

21. Relating to the commutation process, what are the different types of commutations you know?

(a) Voltage commutated chopper

(b) Load commutated chopper

(c) Current commutated chopper

 

22. Give some examples of power electronics applications?

(a) Speed control of motors

(b) Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)

(c) Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS)

(d) ICU

 

23. What you know about a snubber circuit?

The snubber circuit is a series combination of a resistor and a capacitor in parallel with the SCR. The circuit is mainly used for the dv/dt protection of SCR.

 

24. IGBT or MOSFET is most commonly used for high frequency applications? Justify your answer?

Since MOSFET has low switching losses than IGBT, MOSFET is commonly used for high frequency applications. For the applications of frequency range upto 20 KHz, IGBT are used and for frequency range greater than 200 KHz, MOSFET are used.

Fig : MOSFET

25. What you know about the duty cycle of a chopper?

The duty cycle of a chopper can be defined as the ratio of ON time of the chopper to the total time period of the chopper.

26. List the advantages of freewheeling diode in rectifier circuits?

The advantages of freewheeling diodes are:

(a) Input power factor is improved

(b) The load current waveform is improved

(c) Prevents the output voltage from becoming negative

 

27. What you know about the firing angle (delay angle) of an SCR?

The firing angle also known as delay angle can be defined as the angle between the zero crossing of the input voltage and the instant the SCR is fired. When the zero crossing of supply voltage takes place, one pair of thyristor is forward biased. These SCRs are triggered after the delay angle (α).

28. What are the uses of special machines?

The limitations of general purpose motors (Induction motors, synchronous motors) are they are neither precision position nor precision speed motors. For the applications of high precise position and high precise speed, special purpose motors (Stepper motors, PMDC motors etc) are commonly used.

 

29. What you know about a Permanent Magnetic DC motor (PMDC)?

A PMDC is same as that of an ordinary dc shunt motor. In PMDC, the field is provided by permanent magnets structure instead of salient- pole wound field structure.

The major advantages of PMDC are:

(a) Low noise

(b) Small size

(c) Low manufacturing cost

(d) High efficiency

There are mainly three types of permanent magnets used.

(i) Rare-Earth magnets

(ii) Ceramic magnets

(iii) Alnico magnets

Network Analysis Viva Questions and Answers

NETWORK ANALYSIS LAB VIVA QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1.  What you understand about the Q-factor of a coil?

We can define the Q factor of a coil as the ratio of inductive reactance to the resistance of a coil. Q factor refers to the ohmic losses of a coil with dimensionless unit and is inversely proportional to the coil quality.

Q factor = (inductive reactance )/(resistance of a coil). 

2. Write down the examples of different types of current sources?

The devices which can be treated as current sources are the semiconductor devices like transistors and diodes.

3. How much efficiency can be attained during the maximum power transfer situation?

Will get  maximum of 50% efficiency.

4. How can you define a filter?

Basically a filter is an electrical circuit, that is used for transmit signals with a specified frequency range.

5. What you know about an active filter?

Active filters involves components like operational amplifiers (OP-AMP). This op-amp circuit will introduce some gain in the signal. In other words, we can say that active filters is the type of filter which are designed using active components.  The amplifiers included in filter design yields for the improvement of predictability, cost and performance of a filter.

6. How will you construct a band pass filter?

We can construct the band pass filter as a combination of two parallel tuned circuits and is a special type of LC circuit. The purpose of band pass filter is to allow a particular bandwidth frequency. 

7. What you know about resistance of a material?

The resistance of a material is the property of a material for opposing the current flowing through the material. In other words, we can say that the property of opposing current through any material gives the resistance of that material. It is usually measured in ohms (Ω)

8. When current becomes zero (0), what happens to voltage?

When current reaches zero, voltage becomes constant.

9. For high voltage and frequency, which capacitor is usually used?

For high voltage and frequency applications, the ceramic capacitors are most commonly used. 

We can easily control the thickness of the ceramic dielectric layer and can be produced as per the requirement of the desired voltage. The maximum rated voltage level of ceramic capacitors is 30 KV.

10. Explain Kirchoff 's voltage law and what are its limitations ?

As per Kirchoff 's voltage law, the algebraic sum of all branch voltages around any closed loop is zero in a network for all time instances. 

The main limitation of Kirchoff 's voltage law is that in a distributed parameter network, the law is not applicable

11. Discuss Norton's Theorem?

Any linear bilateral network with output terminals can be changed by a single current source in parallel with Z (a single impedance).

12. What you understand about the maximum power transfer theorem?

 In a dc network, when the load resistance and internal resistances becomes equal, the maximum power is transferred from source to the load. The maximum amount of power transferred is 50%.

13. What is the characteristic impedance of a network?

The characteristic impedance, also termed as the surge impedance can be calculated by the ratio of the amplitudes of voltage and current of a single wave propagates along the line. It is denoted by Z₀.

14. Discuss Kirchoff 's current law?

Kirchoff 's current law states that at any node of a network, the algebraic sum of currents through the node is always equal to zero. In other words at a particular node, the sum of incoming currents and outgoing currents are same. 

15. Give the advantages of constant K filters?

The main advantages of constant K filters are:

(a) In constant K filters, beyond the cut-off frequencies the attenuation doesn't rapidly increases.

(b) In the pass band, the characteristic impedance widely varies from the desired value.

16. For the formation of a resistor, what type of materials are used?

The materials used for the formation of a resistor are:

(a) Constantan (it is an alloy of nickel and copper. Nickel 45% and Copper 55%).

(b) Manganin (it is an alloy of copper, manganese and nickel. Nickel 2%, Manganese 12%,   and Copper 86%).

17. In what situation, the three terminals of a resistor is used?

When the resistance is less than 1 ohm, the three terminals are used. 

18. How we can calculate the equivalent impedance in Thevenin's theorem?

 In  Thevenin's theorem, the equivalent resistance can be calculated by, short circuiting all independent voltage sources and open circuiting all the independent current sources present in the circuit.

19. What is an unilateral circuit?

In an unilateral circuit, for both directions, the properties are not same. In other words we can say that unilateral circuits allows current to flow only in one direction. 

20. List down the practical applications of filters?

The main applications of filters are they can be used in

(a) Voice frequency telegraphy

(b) TV broadcasting and telegraphy

(c) Multichannel communication

(d) Power supplies

(e) Audio electronics

(f) Radio communications

21. What you know about inductance?

The property of a electric conductor for opposing any change in the electric current passes through it can be termed as inductance. In a conductor, the flow of current creates a magnetic field around it.

Inductance of a coil:

Where,

L is the inductance in Henries (H), 

VL is the voltage across the coil (V) and

di/dt is the rate of change of current in Amperes per second (A/s).

22. List the properties of a resistor?

The main properties of resistors are:

(a) Resistance to oxidation

(b) Corrosion and moisture

(c) High resistivity

(d) Mechanical strength

(e) Resistance value tolerance

(f) Protection against influences from the environment.

(g) Low temperature coefficient of resistance

(h) Low noise properties.

 

23. Differentiate active and passive networks?

The passive network has no current or voltage sources, while the active network has either current or voltage source.

24. What are the characteristics of a filter?

Under the pass band frequencies, an ideal filter will transmit signals without attenuation and completely suppresses the stop band frequencies. In other words, we can say that an ideal filter has  a sharp cut-off profile.

25. What is the cut-off frequency. Draw the cut-off frequency for LPF?

The cut-off frequency can be defined as the frequency that separates the pass band and the attenuation band.

26. When current through an inductor remains constant, what happens to the voltage?

When current flowing through an inductor is constant, the voltage across the inductor     becomes zero (0). 

27. For making inductance coil, which material is used?

Marble is used for making the inductance coil because it will not get affected by atmospheric conditions.

28. Whether the theorems are applicable for ac sources?

No. They are applicable for dc circuits only.

29. Explain Ohm's law?

Ohm's law states that by keeping the physical condition as unchanged, the current through any conductor is directly proportional to the applied potential difference across it.

I = V/R

Where, I is the current, V is the voltage and R is the resistance.

30. What are the examples of voltage source and explain what are dependent sources?

The examples of voltage sources are battery and generator. 

If strength of voltage or current changes in the source for any change in the connected network, then the network can be termed as dependent sources. 

31. What is the units of current, charge and attenuation?

Current - Ampere (A)

Charge - Coulombs (C)

Attenuation - Decibel (dB) and Neper (Np)

32. How capacitance can be defined?

The capacitance can be defined as the ability to store electric charge within it. It is actually a measure of charge per unit voltage that can be stored in an element.

33. How can you define the Norton equivalent circuit?

The current generator placed in parallel to the internal resistance gives the Norton equivalent circuit.

34. List the advantages of active filters?

The main advantages of active filters over passive filters are:

(a) It is easy to tune

(b) It gives gain

(c) It eliminates bulky components

(d) It can be used for low impedance loads.

35. Define branch in a circuit?

Branch can be defined as a part of network that lies between two junction points.

36. Explain Thevenin's theorem?

Thevenin's theorem states that any linear network with output terminal can be changed by a single voltage source V in series with a single impedance. 

37. State and explain Superposition Theorem? 

In any linear bilateral resistive network having two or more voltage sources the current through any branch is the algebraic sum of the currents produced by each source acting alone at a time, when all other sources are replaced by their internal resistances.

Investigatory Project in Physics Format

Introduction

Experimentation in practical classes of Class 11 and Class 12 forms an integral part of Physics Education. The present system of Physics Education of high school and higher secondary section of CBSE and state level is based on memory-based, content-oriented and teacher-centred methods. Though this system gives hands-on-experience, it neither gives insight into the deep intricacies of the problem nor does it help in identifying the basic working principles and apparatus used.

The rapid developments as well as the recent shift in trends of Science Education demand an approach which is problem-based, performance-based, activity-oriented and above all learner-centred. Investigatory projects are included in the curriculum to cater to this need. The performance of an investigatory project helps in the development of the art of creative thinking and reasoning, distinguishing facts from fallacies and reaching a conclusion based on actual observations and their analysis. It makes a student curious and confident to take up any problem, however complex it appears. A careful and skillful observation of sequences during an activity enhances personal investigation capabilities. Group activity helps in developing skills of sharing a complex job and the experience of working in a group, over and above the normal objectives of investigatory projects.

An investigatory project is an in-depth study of a problem connected with a topic in the curriculum. It can be fully open-ended, a comprehensive study of a known technique or problem or can be survey of an idea, a technique or procedure. The project differs from the routine practical in the sense that known facts, contents, relations and fixed procedures are not taken for granted. Instead, the students develop their own ingenious experimental procedures, carry out analysis in their own way and present the result in a manner, which they think most appropriate. Often, students come up with fresh, fascinating and novel ideas and explanations. They reach the final conclusion based on their own rational thinking and the knowledge they acquired.

The involvement of the student is of prime importance in the culmination of an investigatory project. Before carrying out any activity, the guide should be consulted and his/her concurrence obtained. This guideline should he followed strictly, as many a scientific procedure involve the risk of danger and accident, often unknown to students. The teacher-guide should not interfere with the project unnecessarily. It does not mean that the teacher-guide should keep completely aloof. The guide should be watchful and ready to interfere at any moment, in case of necessity.

It is essential that the students should maintain clear, detailed chronological notes of what they are doing and what they are trying to achieve. The guide should periodically review these notes.

An investigatory project in Physics can consist of the following steps.

 

(i) Identification of the Problem

 

An investigation always starts with questions. Questions may arise from something that is learnt in class or from observations in the laboratory or surroundings. Such questions are discussed, singled out and sharpened enough so that it can be taken up as a project.

 

(ii) Collection of Related Information

 

Though the question may appear to be fresh to students, the answer may be avail-able in textbooks. If not, related information would be available in familiar books or elsewhere. Enough information should be collected from books and other sources. The resources of the INTERNET can also be made use of. Competent persons out-side the institution can also be consulted. It is also essential to know whether others are working on same or similar problems. The collected information should be well documented.

 

(iii) Establishment of a Law or Hypothesis

 

Based on the information collected and documented, a working hypothesis may be formed. It is an attempt to find an answer or explanation to the problem. The hypothe-sis can be tested using analytical/numerical methods or by experimentation. It is often possible to make predictions based on the hypothesis.

 

(iv) Experimentation

 

After forming the hypothesis, an experiment or a theoretical procedure is to be de-signed to test it. This involves assessing the requirements, choosing the necessary apparatus, forming a methodology for performing the experiment and designing, the details of the observations to be taken. The experiment requires extensive stepwise planning and execution. Everything should be documented sequentially in detail so that the experiment can be performed with ease. The necessary apparatus are to be collected and studied. It is imperative that a complete procedure of the experiment and a carefully designed format of observations should be prepared well in advance. The experiment should then be performed under different conditions and observations recorded. The methodology is altogether different form the usual way of doing Physics practical. The arrangement of the apparatus, the process of making observations etc., should be done with utmost care. Unexpected odd observations and other curious behaviour should not be taken lightly and discarded under any circumstances, but carefully noted for later analysis. Such observations may end up in some new idea, hypothesis or explanation.

 

(v) Conclusion and discussion

 

The data that has accumulated during the experiment is now carefully analysed. Necessary calculations are made to get the required results. Graphs, charts and other similar methods can be used for display of data and conclusions. Computers can also be made use of. The results are compared with the predictions of the hypothesis. In the event of any discrepancies, an attempt is made to explain the observed phenomena.

The discussion of the result forms the core of the investigatory project. The data and conclusions are interpreted to the fullest possibility. The opinions of experts in the field can be sought, if necessary. Limitations of the experiment, possibility of probable errors, scope for further improvement, etc., should also be included.

 

vi) Presentation of the Project Report

 

Finally the project should be fully documented, ready for presentation in the form of a project report or a dissertation or a research paper. The dissertation format is advisable at the plus two stage. The report may be organised in the following manner.

• The report should bear a title, which reflects the nature of the project. It should be novel and eye catching. Usually, during the course of the project work a suitable title evolves naturally.

• A certificate of genuineness from the teacher-guide should be included next. The certificate should bear the title of the project, the details of the student, including the register number of the examination.

• There should be an introduction, indicating the actual problem and its back-ground. The methodology of tackling the problem and a very brief conclusion of the project should also be given. Acknowledgement for help sought from the guide and others can be given, if not included separately.

• The main body of the project report comes next. It can be divided into chapters, if long enough. Alternatively, the body can be organised into paragraphs numbered serially as 1.1, 1.2, 1.2, ... , 2.1, 2.2, 2.3,… , 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, .... The main paragraphs may be arranged as follows.

 

(a) Detailed discussion of the problem, indicating it as sharply as possible and the strategy for solving it.

(b) Details of experimentation, indicating the apparatus and their specifications, materials required and the mode acquisition, layout, diagrams, theoretical considerations, and other relevant facts.

(c) Detailed step by step procedure for the actual performance of the experiment and specific, clear details of taking observations.

(d) Details of precautions to be taken, indicating chances of mishap/accident and probable errors likely to affect the observations.

(e) Detailed tabular forms of observations, mentioning the title, measuring instruments, units etc.

(f) Details of repetition of the experiment, mentioning the changes in experimental conditions and variables.

(g) Discussion of results showing formulae, calculations, graphs and charts, computer printouts, etc.

(h) A conclusion giving the exact problem, strategy for tackling it and the result of the investigation, personalised views, limitations of the present setup, scope for future improvement etc.

(i) List of references forming a bibliography.

The report should either be hand written neatly or typed and presented in a file or in bound form. It should then be got certified by the teacher-guide and preserved carefully for presentation at the examination.

Multimodal Biometrics in Airports

EVOLVING NO-TOUCH TECHNOLOGY IN AIRPORTS USING MULTI MODAL BIOMETRIC AND FUSION TECHNIQUES

 

OBJECTIVE

 

This is to suggest a multi modal biometric way as a solution to no touch preferences of the travellers adapting them to a self service model accelerating deployment. In the existing situation of Covid-19 pandemic, airport authorities are compelled to estimate presently available techniques for airport passenger experience and incorporate changes according to the prevailing conditions. This biometric modelling will definitely be a break through development in aviation field and airport management. Many of the airports have already implemented new health and safety measures to protect their employees and passengers, enhanced cleaning schedules, providing personal protective equipments (PPE) for all airport staffs and also health screening of employees and passengers.

 

PROBLEM STATEMENT

 

There are several orthodoxies or blind spots prevailing among individuals and institutions which prevent them from accepting changes and adjusting to new and better ways of working. But actually little bit of fluctuations from these existing orthodoxies can pave way for drastic improvements. Covid-19 has become one such situation which have forced many people to think out of the box. These new needs of behavioural changes have enabled the airports to elevate and adapt themselves to address the increased awareness of passengers and airport employees post Covid-19.The strategies which were planned for long term and were valid some days before are no longer applicable forcing stakeholders and airport authorities to consider urgent changes.

The main challenge before the airports is to in still confidence in their customers that they can spend time safely and comfortably in airports. By doing different studies, the common five orthodoxies in the airport passenger experience challenged by Covid-19 are (i) Passenger Processing (ii) Self Service (iii) Biometric Enablement (iv) Employee Wellbeing (v) Flexible Service Delivery.

Earlier customers were largely satisfied by sped and efficiency. But today people are concerned about the possible time spent at chokepoints throughout the airport. Now there is an opportunity to improve customer satisfaction by enhancing technology based services to ease the passenger concerns by queue measurement to display wait times, tray return systems and use of biometrics with services like CLEAR for analysing the security threats as well. Other analytical solutions such as people tracking and terminal modelling enabled reduction of chokepoints and improves efficiency. All public places especially airports are probable zones of corona virus transmission. Every other passenger in the airport can be a potential carrier. Health screening of passengers have become a new challenge and the responsibility of which is now on the concerned airlines.

The main aim of the proposed study is to develop a transition model of the currently existing self service technologies in airport to no touch techniques thereby reducing the physical touch points prevailing in the airports.

 

METHODOLOGY

 

For the realisation of the no touch techniques in airports a multi modal biometric analysis is suggested through this study. Biometric systems have a common architecture which consists of four main elements as shown in figure below.

In this work, we can make use of multi modal biometrics along with the fusion techniques. ECG, fingerprint and face biometric traits are selected for this purpose. By selecting ECG as a biometric tool, proofs of existence in real time conditions are less prone to spoofing. When face and fingerprint data are clubbed with ECG, a comparatively less obtrusive biometric is obtained. Fusion of ECG signal with fingerprint-face biometrics will lead to the development of reliable credentials of an individual. Therefore with the fusion of the said parameters the authentication performance and accuracy of the entire system gets enhanced.

ECG gives the details regarding the electrical actions of the cardiovascular muscles from the relative constrictions and relaxations of heart muscles. There are numerous studies on ECG data’s and each of them proved that it will be unique for a particular individual. The work also involves the breaking down of photographs of human faces. The advantage of breaking down of face picture is that each part i.e nose, eyes or morphology can be closely examined utilising the official data available.  Fingerprint collection is one of the standout data’s that help in biometric modelling. Fingerprints can be procured by ultrasonic and optic sensors which will measure the valleys, edges, depressions and islands in a unique finger impression. Therefore a combination of ECG, face and fingerprinting can be done to develop an enhanced and efficient system of multi modal biometric.  In addition to this feature extraction approach and cryptography is used to provide higher security.

 

EXPECTED OUTCOME

 

By designing a proper multi modal biometric framework the performance of airports can be enhanced to above par level winning back the confidence of the regular users during Covid-19 and after as well. In the medium and long term, airports may even consider the re-evaluation of existing framework and add features according to the need of the time. This study will definitely help to identify possible retrofit opportunities, development of robust pandemic playbooks, accelerate implementation of biometric capabilities and enhancement and augmentation of operational modelling and simulation.

Kuttiyadi Hydroelectric Project

Kuttiyadi Hydro Electric Project was completed and commissioned in the year 1972. The project is located at Kuttiyadi dam, at Kuttiyadi River. The kuttiyadi dam is situated at Peruvannamuzhi, approximately 60 Km from Kozhikode, Kerala, India. This is a major type project and the total installed capacity of the project is 225 MW. This is a dam shaped structure and the power house is a surface type. The project is currently in operational situation. This is a storage type hydroelectric project and the seismic zone is zone III. The project is owned by the Kerala government and comes under the Kerala State Electricity Board (KSEB). The project has 6 turbines and all the turbines are in pelton shape. Out of the 6 turbines, 3 turbines has a capacity of 25 MW and the other 3 has a capacity of 50 MW. The turbine and generator manufacturers of the project are Fuji Japan for units 1, 2 and 3. VA Tech Hydro is the manufacturers for unit 4 and BHEL is for units 5 and 6. The project has 6 numbers of commissioned units and 1 penstock. The length of the penstock is 2083 meters. West flowing rivers are the hydroelectric basin of the project and the hydroelectric region of the project is south hydroelectric region. The project is mainly used for hydroelectric power generation.

Hydroelectric Project Details

 

Salient Features
Name of Power Project	Kuttiyadi Hydroelectric Project
Name of Power House	Kuttiyadi Power House
Commission Year	1972
Type of Project	Major (greater than 25 MW)
Type of Powerhouse	Surface
Type of Structure	Dam
Power House Position	Others
Project Status	Operational
River	Kuttiyadi River
Hydroelectric Basin	West flowing Rivers
Hydroelectric Region	South Hydroelectric Region
Seismic Zone	Zone III
Hydroelectric Development Type	Storage
Owner of Power Plant	Kerala Government
Owner Name	Kerala State Electricity Board (KSEB)
Location	Peruvannamuzhi
District	Kozhikode
State	Kerala
Country	India
Office Phone	+91 (471) 244 6480
Email Id	-
Web Address	www.kseb.in
Completion Year	1972
Total no: of Turbines	6
Capacity per Turbine in MW	3 x 25 MW & 3 x 50 MW
Total Installed Capacity	225 MegaWatt
Turbine Type	Pelton
Turbine Maker	Unit 1, 2 & 3 - Fuji Japan, Unit 4 - VA Tech Hydro, Unit 5, 6 - BHEL
Generator Maker	Unit 1, 2 & 3 - Fuji Japan, Unit 4 - VA Tech Hydro, Unit 5, 6 - BHEL
Total Units and Size	3 units x 25 MW (75 MW), 3 units x 50 MW (150 MW)
No of Commissioned Units	6
Number of Penstock	1
Length of Penstock	2083 m
Purpose	Hydroelectric Power Generation