Types of Errors in Data Communication
The codewords
transmitted across the channel are impacted differently depending on the type
of noise. As a result, it's possible that bit 0 sent will be received as bit 1
or vice versa. This is referred to as the noise-induced error in the
transmitted codeword. During data transmission, there are two principal types
of errors. They are 1) random error and 2) burst error. The contents of
communication can contain both random and burst errors. As a result, they're
commonly referred to as "content errors".
Alternatively,
a data block may be lost in the network because it was sent to the wrong
destination. It's called the "Flow Integrity Error".
Random Error
Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) in the channel is
responsible for random mistakes. The transmitted symbols are influenced by
noise in their own right. As a result, the faults introduced during one period
have no impact on the system's performance in the following intervals. There is
no correlation between the faults. As a result, they're also known as
self-contained mistakes. Satellite and deep-space communication networks are
the channels where white Gaussian noise has the largest impact. These channels
are well-suited to the employment of forward-error-correcting codes.
Burst
Error
Impulse noise
in the channel causes burst errors. Several consecutive bits are affected by
impulse noise, and errors tend to occur in clusters. As a result, the burst
errors in subsequent message intervals are dependent. Telephone and radio
channels are the channels that are most affected by impulse noise.
Bursts of
errors in telephone channels are caused by lightning-induced impulse noise on
circuits and transients in central office switching equipment. Atmospherics,
multi-path fading, and interference from other users of the frequency band
cause bursts of errors in radio channels. The ARQ method is an effective
solution for error protection across these channels.
Compound
Error
Both white
Gaussian noise and impulse noise has the potential to affect many practical
communication channels. As a result, both random (independent) and burst errors
will be introduced. When there is a combination of random and burst errors,
these errors are referred to be compound errors.