I/O Mapping in 8085 Microprocessor

I/O interfacing

There are two methods of interfacing the Input / Output devices with the microprocessor. They are,

1) Memory mapped I/O and
2) I/O mapped I/O.

Memory mapped I/O

In this method the I/O devices are treated like the memory. A part of the memory address space is used for the I/O devices. The memory mapped I/O scheme is shown in figure.
Figure: Memory mapped I/O scheme


• In memory mapped I/O scheme, the same address space is used for both memory and I/O devices.
• The microprocessor uses the sixteen address line A0 – A7 and A8 – A15 for the memory as well as for the I/O devices.
• The I/O devices share the address space with the memory. All the memory related instructions are used for addressing I/O devices also.
• No separate IN and OUT instructions are required in memory mapped I/O scheme.
• IO/๐‘€’ pin is not required.



Steps for memory operations (memory read and memory write) :

1. When the memory related instructions like LDA and STA are used, the microprocessor places the 16-bit address on the address bus.
2. ๐‘…๐ท’ is activated for read operation and ๐‘Š๐‘…’ is activated for write operation.
Steps for I/O operations (I/O read and I/O write) :
The same steps used for memory operations are used for I/O operations also.

I/O mapped I/O

In this method, I/O devices are treated as I/O devices and memory is treated as memory. Separate address space is used for memory and I/O. The I/O mapped I/O scheme is shown in figure.

Figure: I/O mapped I/O scheme
• In I/O mapped I/O scheme, the microprocessor uses the sixteen address lines A0 – A7 and A8 – A15 for the memory and eight address lines A0 to A7 to identify an input / output device.
• Here, the full address space 0000 – FFFF is used for the memory and a separate address space 00 – FF is used for the I/O devices.
• Hence, the microprocessor can address 65536 (216) memory locations 256 (28) input devices and 256 (28) output devices separately.
• IN and OUT instructions are used to activate the IO/๐‘€’ signal.
• When IO/๐‘€’ is low, the memory is selected for reading and writing operations.
• When IO/๐‘€’ is high, the I/O port is selected for reading and writing operations.

Steps for memory operations (memory read and memory write) :

1. When the memory related instructions like LDA and STA are used, the microprocessor places the 16-bit address on the address bus.
2. The microprocessor makes the IO/๐‘€’ linelow.
3. The microprocessor makes the ๐‘…๐ท’ low for read operation and ๐‘Š๐‘…’ low for write operation.

Steps for I/O operations (I/O read and I/O write) :

1. When the I/O related instructions like IN and OUT are used, the microprocessor places the 8-bit address on the address bus A0 – A7 as well as A8 – A15.
2. IO/๐‘€’ line is made high.
3. The microprocessor makes the ๐‘…๐ท’ low for read operation and ๐‘Š๐‘…’ low for write operation.


Sreejith Hrishikesan

Sreejith Hrishikesan is a ME post graduate and has been worked as an Assistant Professor in Electronics Department in KMP College of Engineering, Ernakulam. For Assignments and Projects, Whatsapp on 8289838099.

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