Z-Transform Basics with Formulas

The Z-Transform is the discrete time counter part of Laplace transform. Z-transform allows us to perform transform analysis of unstable systems and to develop additional insights and tools for LTI (linear Time Invariant)system analysis. The Z-transform transforms difference equation into algebraic equations and hence the discrete time system analysis is specified. Z Transform Basics with Z transform formulas are explained below,

The Z-Transform of a discrete time signal x(n) is defined as:


Where ‘z’ is a complex variable and z=r*e^ (j*ω)

Where ‘r’ is the radius of the circle.

If the sequence x(n) exists for ‘n’ in the range( -∞ to ∞), then,

represents a bilateral or two sided Z transform.



If the sequence x(n) exists only for n>=0,then

which is called one sided or unilateral Z-Transform.






Sreejith Hrishikesan

Sreejith Hrishikesan is a ME post graduate and has been worked as an Assistant Professor in Electronics Department in KMP College of Engineering, Ernakulam. For Assignments and Projects, Whatsapp on 8289838099.

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